
Fasteners are crucial components in virtually every mechanical system, anchoring structures and securing components in place. However, their significance extends far beyond terrestrial applications. In space missions and satellite deployments, fasteners play a pivotal role in ensuring structural integrity and reliability amidst the harsh conditions of outer space. In the realm of space exploration, where extreme temperatures, intense vibrations, and vacuum environments pose unique challenges, fasteners must meet stringent requirements to withstand these conditions. Specialised fasteners designed for space applications undergo rigorous testing and qualification processes to ensure they can withstand the harsh realities of the cosmos. For example, space-grade bolts and screws are subjected to thermal cycling tests, vibration tests, and vacuum chamber simulations to validate their performance in